# Definitions of Knowledge Here are a few definitions of knowledge, collected from different sources. > Knowledge is a fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, expert insight and grounded intuition that provides an environment and framework for evaluating and incorporating new experiences and information. It originates and is applied in the minds of knowers, Wallace, Danny P. (2007). _Knowledge Management: Historical and Cross-Disciplinary Themes_ [[Knowledge is understanding, experience, and accumulated learning]] Organization and processing to convey understanding, experience, and accumulated learning A mix of contextual information, values, experience, and rules, [[Jennifer Rowley]] , Organizing Knowledge: An Introduction to Managing Access to Information A mental structure, Kenneth Boulding, (1955). "Notes on the Information Concept". _Exploration_. **6**. Toronto: 103–112. CP IV, pp. 21–32. The result of somebody applying the refiner's fire to information, selecting and organizing what is useful to somebody, Harlan Cleveland (1982), Information as a Resource, The Futurist, 34-39 Information connected in relationships, Gamble, Paul R.; John Blackwell (2002). _Knowledge Management: A State of the Art Guide_. London: [Kogan Page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogan_Page "Kogan Page"). p. 43. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-7494-3649-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7494-3649-0 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7494-3649-0"). [[Milan Zeleny]] defines knowledge as "know-how" (cfr [[Knowledge Levels]]) and also "know-who" and "know-when". Each is gained through practical experience. In his view, [[Knowledge is action, not a description of action]]. [[Russel L. Ackoff]] describes knowledge as the application of data and information, [[Russel L. Ackoff]] (1989). "From Data to Wisdom". _Journal of Applied Systems Analysis_. **16**: 3–9. [[Knowledge is doing things right]], [[James Chisholm]] and [[Greg Warman]].