# Ladder of inference Created by Dr [[Chris Argyris]] ![[ladder-of-inference.png]] - His theory is that we give meaning to things in our minds and it influences our actions - People can interpret the same facts in different ways - Using this ladder, we can - become more aware of our own thinking and reasoning (reflection) - identify bias (e.g., expert bias, unconscious bias, etc) and avoid making bad decisions and/or reaching the wrong conclusions - make our thinking and reasoning more visible to others (advocacy) - inquire into others' thinking and reasoning (inquiry) - Going down the ladder brings us back to reality