# LaTeX
A document preparation system for high-quality typesetting, built on top of [[Donald Knuth]]'s TeX engine. Source files (`.tex`) are compiled into PDF (or DVI/PostScript) through `pdflatex`, `xelatex`, or `lualatex`. The de facto standard for academic papers, theses, and technical books in mathematics, physics, computer science, and engineering. Originally written by Leslie Lamport in 1984. Free, open-source, LPPL-licensed.
## What it does
- Mathematical typesetting that almost nothing else matches
- Automatic numbering, cross-references, tables of contents, indexes
- Bibliography management via BibTeX / BibLaTeX + thousands of citation styles
- Huge package ecosystem (CTAN) for diagrams (TikZ), music, chemistry, linguistics, fonts, etc.
- Deterministic, reproducible output across platforms
## Why people complain about it
- Cryptic syntax (`\begin{equation}…\end{equation}`, `\textbf{}`, `\\`, escaping hell)
- Slow recompiles, especially on large documents
- Confusing error messages
- Heavy toolchain (TeX Live distribution is multi-GB)
- Dependency conflicts between packages
- These are the pains [[Typst]] is built to solve
## Common distributions
- **TeX Live** — cross-platform, the de facto distribution
- **MiKTeX** — Windows-focused
- **MacTeX** — macOS bundle of TeX Live
## Common workflows
- **Local** — TeX Live + a code editor (VS Code with LaTeX Workshop, TeXstudio, Emacs AUCTeX)
- **Cloud** — [Overleaf](https://www.overleaf.com), the dominant collaborative LaTeX web editor
- **From Markdown** — author in [[Markdown]], convert via [[Pandoc]] or [[Quarto]]
## References
- LaTeX Project: https://www.latex-project.org
- CTAN (package archive): https://ctan.org
- TeX Live: https://www.tug.org/texlive
- Overleaf: https://www.overleaf.com
- Learn LaTeX in 30 minutes: https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Learn_LaTeX_in_30_minutes
- The Not So Short Introduction to LaTeX: https://tobi.oetiker.ch/lshort/lshort.pdf
- TeX @ Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeX
- LaTeX @ Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX
## Related
- [[Typst]]
- [[Markdown]]
- [[Pandoc]]
- [[Quarto]]