# Scrum
Scrum is an agile framework for managing and completing complex projects, created by [[Ken Schwaber]] and [[Jeff Sutherland]] in the early 1990s. First presented at OOPSLA '95, Scrum takes its name from rugby, where it refers to a method of restarting play—emphasizing teamwork and adaptability.
Unlike traditional waterfall methodologies, Scrum embraces change and delivers work in short iterations called sprints (typically 2-4 weeks). The framework defines specific roles, events, and artifacts to create a structured yet flexible approach to product development.
## Scrum Pillars
Scrum is built on three pillars of empirical process control:
- **Transparency**: Significant aspects of the process must be visible to those responsible for the outcome
- **Inspection**: Scrum users frequently inspect artifacts and progress toward goals to detect variances
- **Adaptation**: If inspection reveals drift outside acceptable limits, the process must be adjusted
## Scrum Roles
| Role | Responsibility |
|------|----------------|
| Product Owner | Maximizes product value, manages backlog, stakeholder liaison |
| Scrum Master | Facilitates process, removes impediments, coaches team |
| Developers | Self-organizing team that delivers the increment |
## Scrum Events
| Event | Purpose | Timebox |
|-------|---------|---------|
| Sprint | Fixed iteration to deliver increment | 1-4 weeks |
| Sprint Planning | Plan work for the sprint | 8 hours max |
| Daily Scrum | Synchronize and plan for 24 hours | 15 minutes |
| Sprint Review | Inspect increment, adapt backlog | 4 hours max |
| Sprint Retrospective | Inspect process, plan improvements | 3 hours max |
## Scrum Artifacts
- **Product Backlog**: Ordered list of everything needed in the product
- **Sprint Backlog**: Selected items for the sprint plus a plan for delivering them
- **Increment**: Sum of all completed backlog items, must be "Done"
## References
- https://www.scrum.org
- https://scrumguides.org (official Scrum Guide)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrum_(software_development)
## Related
- [[Ken Schwaber]]
- [[Jeff Sutherland]]
- [[Agile Manifesto]]
- [[Kanban Methodology]]
- [[Scrumban]]
- [[Extreme Programming (XP)]]