# Edmund Gettier Edmund L. Gettier III (31 October 1927 – 23 March 2021) was an American analytic philosopher who taught at Wayne State University and then the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He is known almost entirely for a single three-page paper, *Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?* (1963), in which he presented two short counterexamples showing that a belief can be justified, true, and held, yet still not count as knowledge. Those counterexamples are now called **Gettier cases**, and they broke the classical [[Justified True Belief (JTB)|Justified True Belief]] definition of knowledge that had stood since [[Plato]] — see [[Justified true belief is not always knowledge]]. The paper spawned a vast secondary literature in epistemology that continues today. Gettier famously published almost nothing else and devoted the rest of his career to teaching. ## Quotes <!-- QueryToSerialize: LIST FROM #type/quote AND [[Edmund Gettier]] WHERE public_note = true SORT file.name ASC --> ## Books <!-- QueryToSerialize: LIST FROM #books AND [[Edmund Gettier]] WHERE public_note = true SORT file.name ASC -->